Full contaminant data, sample history, and sourcing for Knox County. For readers who want to go beyond the summary.
Contaminant Data — All Analytes
859 well testing events on record, covering
13 analytes.
Data spans 1966 to 2017.
Contaminant
Samples
Years
Detection Rate
Distribution LowModHigh
vs. Limit
vs. TX Avg
Nitrate
88
1974–1992
98%
160% of limit
↑ 617% above
Sulfate
119
1979–1992
100%
224% of limit
↑ 685% above
Chloride
119
1979–1992
100%
124% of limit
↑ 247% above
Iron
202
1944–2015
52%
27% of limit
↓ 83% below
Arsenic
114
1988–2015
54%
30% of limit
↓ 21% below
Manganese
194
1946–2015
16%
60% of limit
~ typical
Fluoride
780
1944–2015
99%
35% of limit
↑ 46% above
Lead
98
1988–2015
1%
33% of limit
↑ 98% above
Nitrite
37
1991–1992
51%
3% of limit
↑ 191% above
Uranium
16
2006–2015
100%
30% of limit
↑ 92% above
Sodium
54
1979–1992
100%
—
↑ 159% above
pH
68
1979–1992
100%
—
~ typical
Hardness
54
1979–1992
100%
—
↑ 268% above
Distribution shows the share of samples in each concentration band relative to the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): Low = below half the MCL, Moderate = between half and the MCL, High = above the MCL. Analytes without an MCL (e.g. sodium, pH) show — in the limit columns. State average is based on county median values across TX.
Compare your result with Knox County
Of the 114 arsenic tests on record for Knox County (1988–2015),
46% found none, and half were below 1 µg/L.
Of the 119 chloride tests on record for Knox County (1979–1992),
0% found none, and half were below 310 mg/L.
Of the 780 fluoride tests on record for Knox County (1944–2015),
1% found none, and half were below 1.4 mg/L.
Of the 202 iron tests on record for Knox County (1944–2015),
48% found none, and half were below 10 µg/L.
Of the 98 lead tests on record for Knox County (1988–2015),
99% found none.
Of the 194 manganese tests on record for Knox County (1946–2015),
84% found none.
Of the 88 nitrate tests on record for Knox County (1974–1992),
2% found none, and half were below 15.8 mg/L.
Of the 119 sulfate tests on record for Knox County (1979–1992),
0% found none, and half were below 560 mg/L.
Data Coverage & Gaps
Well-sampled analytes (15+ samples)
Nitrate 88 samples
Sulfate 119 samples
Chloride 119 samples
Iron 202 samples
Arsenic 114 samples
Manganese 194 samples
Fluoride 780 samples
Lead 98 samples
Nitrite 37 samples
Uranium 16 samples
Sodium 54 samples
pH 68 samples
Hardness 54 samples
No private-well PFAS data for Knox County
We have no private well sampling data for PFAS compounds (PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, and related chemicals) in Knox County.
PFAS testing for private wells requires a dedicated lab panel (~$300–$500). If you are near a military base, airport, or industrial site, consider testing proactively. Learn more about PFAS →
Public vs. Private Water in Knox County
8Active public water systems
3,810Residents on public water
10%Households on private wells
Public water systems in Knox County are regulated by the EPA and must test and report contaminant levels. Private well owners are responsible for their own testing — there is no routine monitoring of private wells by any government agency.
CDC Health Outcome Correlations
Where contaminants detected in Knox County have established associations with specific health outcomes, we cross-reference CDC PLACES county-level prevalence data. This is a contextual signal, not a causal claim.
This report aggregates data from the following public databases:
Water Quality Portal (WQP) — groundwater sample results for Knox County from EPA, USGS, and state agencies. Browse WQP data →
EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) — public water system inventory used to estimate the share of residents on private wells. Browse SDWIS →
Census ACS 5-Year Estimates — well and cistern household counts (variable DP04_0074E) used to calculate the private-well percentage for Knox County. Census data explorer →
USGS Aquifer Atlas — principal aquifer type underlying Knox County, which informs which contaminants are geologically likely. USGS Aquifer Atlas →
EPA UCMR 5 (2023–2025) — PFAS occurrence data from public water systems, used as a proxy indicator for aquifer PFAS exposure. Rows marked "municipal" in the table above come from this source. About UCMR 5 →
EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) — industrial facility chemical releases near Knox County, used in contamination risk scoring. TRI Explorer →
EPA Superfund NPL — National Priorities List sites in or near Knox County, used in contamination risk scoring. Superfund site search →
CDC PLACES — county-level health outcome prevalence (kidney disease, cancer, heart disease) correlated with detected contaminants. About CDC PLACES →
Methodology
Raw records are downloaded from the Water Quality Portal and normalized to µg/L (ppb). Records are deduplicated by sample ID and date, and certified outliers are excluded. Analyte names are mapped to EPA canonical forms. Detection rates, distribution bands, and MCL comparisons are computed from the normalized dataset.
Distribution bands use the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level as the threshold: concentrations below 50% of the MCL are classed as Low, between 50% and 100% as Moderate, and above 100% as High. For analytes without an MCL (sodium, hardness, pH), distribution is not computed.
State comparison uses the median of county median values across all counties in TX with at least one sample for that analyte.