Well Water in Galveston County: What to Test and Why

Groundwater in Galveston County contains arsenic, chloride, fluoride, iron, manganese, and PFOS at levels that exceed EPA health standards. These contaminants are present at concentrations serious enough that well owners should test their water and consider treatment options.

The coastal location and low-lying geology of this area make saltwater intrusion a constant concern, bringing chloride and other minerals inland. Iron and manganese come naturally from the clay and sand layers in the coastal aquifer system where groundwater sits for long periods. Arsenic and fluoride occur naturally in these sediments as well. Ongoing saltwater encroachment from the nearby Gulf of Mexico pushes these problems deeper into the freshwater aquifer.

Groundwater in this county is very hard, driven by elevated sodium at very high levels and iron at moderate levels. The flat coastal terrain and fine clay and sand layers trap minerals in the water as it moves slowly underground, allowing salts and metals to concentrate. High sodium and hardness are common across wells throughout this county.

Wells in Galveston County can contain arsenic, chloride, fluoride, iron, and manganese at levels above EPA health standards, along with PFOS, a chemical used in manufacturing. Arsenic builds up in your body over time and can cause skin problems, heart disease, and cancer with long-term drinking water exposure. Fluoride at high levels can damage bone health and cause dental problems in children. Manganese exposure can affect the nervous system and cause learning and behavior problems, especially in young children. Chloride and iron do not pose direct health risks at the levels found here.

The very high sodium content in county wells, combined with very hard water, creates real quality-of-life challenges. Hard water leaves scale buildup on fixtures, reduces soap effectiveness, and can shorten the lifespan of water heaters and dishwashers. Elevated iron causes orange or brown staining on sinks, toilets, and laundry. These minerals together affect how water feels and tastes.

We recommend having your well tested with a comprehensive panel that covers metals and contaminants, since your well may have much higher or lower levels than what is common in the county. Testing is the only way to know what is actually in your water and what treatment you need. A comprehensive panel usually costs between two hundred and four hundred dollars. Water softening systems can help with hardness, and activated carbon filters address some chemical concerns.