Well Water in Union County: What to Test and Why

High Risk
Testing Strongly Recommended 19956 samples analyzed
Top Concerns in This County
Pfoa Iron Pfos

Why This Happens Here

Groundwater in Union County contains PFOA, iron, chloride, arsenic, lead, and PFOS. Several of these contaminants exceed EPA health standards, making testing and treatment important for well owners in this area.

The underlying rock in this county is an Early Mesozoic basin--layered sedimentary rock that naturally releases iron, arsenic, and other metals into groundwater over time. Chloride enters from road salt and urban activities in this densely populated area, accumulating in the water as it moves through the rock. PFOA and PFOS are industrial chemicals that have contaminated groundwater through past manufacturing and disposal practices.

Groundwater in this county is marked by moderate iron and moderate sodium alongside naturally occurring arsenic and lead from the basin rock. The sedimentary layers here contain these metals, which dissolve into water passing through them. Many wells across Union County show these characteristics because the geology beneath the county creates conditions that concentrate these contaminants.

What This Means for You

Wells in Union County commonly exceed EPA health standards for chloride, sulfate, iron, arsenic, lead, PFOA, and PFOS. Arsenic exposure over time raises cancer risk and can harm organs. Lead damages the nervous system and causes developmental problems in children. PFOA and PFOS are industrial chemicals that can affect the immune system and liver function. Chloride at elevated levels poses risks for people with high blood pressure or heart disease.

Iron in county wells creates rust-colored or brown staining on fixtures and laundry. You may notice a metallic taste or smell in the water. These minerals can clog pipes and reduce water flow over time. The moderate sodium levels add a salty taste that some people notice when drinking or cooking.

Your well is unique, and testing is the only way to know what is actually in your water so you can treat it properly. Every well in this county is different -- yours could have higher or lower levels than what we see countywide. We recommend a comprehensive metals and minerals panel to check for all these contaminants, which typically costs between $200 and $400. Treatment options like reverse osmosis systems or activated carbon filters can address multiple concerns at once.

Not sure if your well is affected? Get certified results in 5–7 days.

Test Your Well Water with Tap Score →

Contaminant Detection Data

Contaminant Samples % Above MCL Distribution Confidence Risk
PFOA ⓘ municipal 56 46%
Moderate High
Iron 20 37%
Moderate High
Chloride 73 29%
Moderate High
PFOS ⓘ municipal 56 11%
Moderate Moderate
Sulfate 51 6%
Moderate Moderate
Lead 48 4%
Moderate Moderate
Elevated concentration, not % above limit
Arsenic 36 3%
Moderate Low
Uranium 11 0%
Low Low
HFPO-DA (GenX) ⓘ municipal 56 0%
Moderate Safe
PFNA ⓘ municipal 56 0%
Moderate Safe
Nitrite 31 0%
Moderate Low
Nitrite 49 0%
Moderate Low
PFHxS ⓘ municipal 56 0%
Moderate Low
Total Coliform 1 0%
Low Safe
E. coli 1 0%
Low Safe
Fecal Coliform 1 0%
Low Safe
PFBS ⓘ municipal 56
Moderate Low
Nitrate 1 0%
Low Safe
Manganese 1 0%
Low Safe
Fluoride 1 0%
Low Safe
pH 11 Low Low
Sodium 72 Moderate Low

MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level (EPA limit for public water; used as benchmark for private wells). Distribution shows % of sampled wells in each concentration band. Methodology.

Data shows potential risk — a certified test confirms whether your water is affected.

Order a Tap Score Test →

Population Health Context

Population-level CDC data. Not individual risk prediction.

5.4%
Cancer Prevalence
(state avg: 6.2%)
2.9%
Kidney Disease Rate
(state avg: 2.7%)
5.8%
Heart Disease Rate
(state avg: 5.8%)

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