Well Water in Washington County: What to Test and Why

Groundwater in Washington County contains radon, manganese, iron, arsenic, chloride, lead, nitrate, PFOS, and uranium at levels that exceed EPA health standards. Several of these contaminants are present at concerning concentrations and deserve attention from well owners.

These contaminants come from a mix of sources. The bedrock here is varied other rocks that contain naturally occurring metals like arsenic, uranium, manganese, and lead, which dissolve into groundwater over time. Radon seeps from radioactive minerals in the rock. Nitrate, chloride, and PFOS come from human activities on the land--septic systems, road salt, and industrial or firefighting chemicals--that soak down into the water below.

Groundwater in this county is very hard, driven by elevated calcium and magnesium from the bedrock dissolving into the water. The mix of rock types here releases these minerals steadily as water moves through. Very hard water is widespread across wells in Washington County.

Wells in Washington County commonly have arsenic, chloride, iron, lead, manganese, nitrate, PFOS, radon, and uranium at levels above EPA health standards. Arsenic and uranium are known to increase cancer risk with long-term exposure. Lead harms children's brain development and can damage kidneys and the nervous system in adults. Radon is a radioactive gas that raises lung cancer risk. Nitrate is especially dangerous for babies under six months old and can cause a serious condition called blue baby syndrome. Manganese at high levels can affect the nervous system and learning in children.

County wells have very hard water, which means mineral buildup on fixtures, in pipes, and inside appliances. You may see white crusty deposits, reduced water flow, and spotty dishes and glasses. Hard water can make soap less effective and leave residue on skin and hair. The mineral buildup shortens the lifespan of water heaters, dishwashers, and other appliances that use hot water.

We recommend testing your well to find out what is actually in your water. Every well is different, and your well may have higher or lower levels than what is common in the county. A comprehensive panel checking for metals, minerals, bacteria, and other contaminants runs $200 to $400 and is the only way to know what needs treatment. Water softening systems and specific filters for arsenic or radon can address these concerns once you know what you are dealing with.